Anesthetic and a range of topical treatments from a local aquatic outlet will form the basis of the box, but the peripheral equipment is just as important, if not more so. A mild liquid disinfectant suitable for use on human skin for initial cleansing of a wound will be invaluable. Cotton wool sticks will help when applying it.

A roll of kitchen paper for wiping and drying wounds, and a plastic bag or bin for waste materials help to keep everything tidy and hygienic. A box of latex gloves will be useful for protecting the hands from treatment chemicals, some of which may stain and be carcinogenic. A spoon and accurate scale to weigh out chemicals will also be useful.

A pair of tweezers will make it easier to remove dead scales and visible parasites. A handling sock for lifting and moving fish will be invaluable. However, being confined to a small volume of water is stressful for the fish, so observe it continuously and remove it from the dip if it becomes distressed.

A bath is a much larger container of water and is useful when a longer confinement is necessary. The treatment given may be the same as for a dip, but at a lower strength medication for a longer period of time. Again, consider providing additional aeration at this time. Treatment is not confined to eradicating parasites.

Secondary infection often sets in and damage can easily occur when a net is improperly used, for example. Dress any open wounds to prevent them spreading further and to minimize the risk of the infection becoming systemic.

Come visit the author latest websites on Organic Flower Delivery and Cheap Golf Clubs

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Sarah_Nabila

Guppies are so prolific that many people buy a pair with the hopes of breeding them for fun or profit. Some beginners, unfortunately, think that because a single female will have anywhere from 30 to 60 babies every four weeks they can just raise the baby guppy fish haphazardly and hope for the best. If the group of fry (newborn fish) dies because of neglect, there is only a short period of time to wait before the next attempt can be made.

This isn't the ideal way to learn how to raise guppies. The overall goal should be to grow healthy adult fish that people might actually want to keep in their home aquariums. If this is not done, then a beginner fish keeper's aquarium can become overrun with poor quality fish - leading to disappointment. There are a few tips about the proper baby guppy diet that can help anyone raise healthy adults!

1 -- Feed a variety of foods. In nature, fish eat whatever they can find that they can digest. This means that they are often eating something they haven't actually ingested recently. This is a clear advantage since no two foods have the identical nutritional value. A variety of foods fed to a baby guppy group will mimic this natural instinct. Some foods to consider are microworms, daphnia, and grindal worms.

2 -- Feed often. The best tip to improve growth of your guppies is to feed them regularly. Feeding up to 6 times per day can ensure that their bellies are almost always full. A full stomach means nutrients and energy are always being taken in and converted to muscle mass and other organs/tissues!

3 -- Choose your foods wisely. Young fish are attracted by foods that move. Their attention is grabbed when flake food floats by. Live foods do this job even better! Fish that are fed live foods have to swim after their meals - developing stronger muscles. Flake foods are still an important aspect of any baby guppy diet though so don't rely solely on live foods!

In case you are interested in other information about fish, John has written a lot of information about such topics. His most recent venture is a website about custom fish tanks. One topic that might be of interest is the custom aquarium which can be perfect for small guppies!

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Johnathan_Thomas

Parrots, also known as psittacines are birds of the roughly 372 species in 86 genera that make up the order Psittaciformes, found in most warm and tropical regions. Parrots have a pan-tropical distribution with several species inhabiting the temperate Southern Hemisphere as well. The greatest diversity of parrots is found in South America and Australasia.

Characteristic features of parrots include a strong curved bill, an upright stance, strong legs, and clawed zygodactyl feet. Most parrots are predominantly green, with other bright colors, and some species are multi-colored.

Cockatoo species range from mostly white to mostly black, and have a mobile crest of feathers on the top of their heads. Most parrots are monomorphic or minimally sexually dimorphic. They are the most variably sized bird order in tems of length.

The most important components of most parrots' diets are seeds, nuts, fruit, buds and other plant material, and a few species also eat insects and small animals, and the lories and lorikeets are specialised to feed on nectar from flowers, and soft fruits.

Almost all parrots nest in tree holes (or nestboxes in captivity), and lay white eggs from which emerge altricial (helpless) young. Parrots, along with ravens, crows, jays and magpies, are some of the most intelligent birds, and the ability of some parrot species to imitate human voices enhances their popularity as pets.

Trapping of wild parrots for the pet trade, as well as other hunting, habitat loss and competition from invasive species, have diminished wild populations, and parrots have been subjected to more exploitation than any other group of birds.

Recent conservation measures to conserve the habitats of some of the high-profile charismatic parrot species has also protected many of the less charismatic species living in the ecosystem.

By: alvi

In dog training there are a few major pitfalls that you are sure to encounter. Knowing them before you get there is very helpful to avoiding stressful situations later. The biggest mistake most people make with dog training techniques is also the easiest for new trainers to fall victim to. This is the danger of expecting too much.

Dogs are very intelligent creatures and, by and large, enjoy training. Thus when you visit the park with your untrained dog and the person next to you is playing Frisbee with their German Shepherd and the Poodle down the way is sitting patiently rather than attacking picnic goers, it is easy to think your dog should know these behaviours from birth.

We often times forget the many hours of dog training that have been put into these wonderful dogs. Your dog can learn these very same antics but it will take time for these dog training techniques to be instilled. Do not expect your dog to learn all of these routines over night. This would merely set you up for downfall number two.

The second problem people encounter in dog training is losing their temper. This usually results in an out of breath owner who is yelling at the top of the vocal capacity, a frightened dog and possibly a visit from the local animal welfare department depending on how the individual vents their frustrations. In lesser cases it can go the other way and a dog decides to defend itself.

To avoid this downfall, make a conscious effort never to yell at your pet and hitting is always wrong. Raising your voice to your pet will do little to correct their errant behaviour and do much harm to your relationship with the animal and undermine your dog training techniques. It will result in a nervous animal that cowers from you rather than obeys your commands or sees you as a threat, you might even get bitten.

The third dog training pitfall to avoid occurs at the other end of the spectrum. These people let the dog become the master. This is equally detrimental to your relationship with your dog as the animal has no control to its behaviours and can quickly become a danger to itself and others. An animal with that attitude will ignore all of your dog training techniques.

Dogs are pack animals and quickly decide who the leader is and who follows who. If you do not take the leadership role from the beginning both through attitude and dog training techniques, you can rest assured that your pet will. A dog without a master will run amok and will quickly get into trouble chasing cars and people, destroying property and making a nuisance of itself. This mistake is tantamount to animal abuse and is very nearly as bad as the previous one.

Fourth in line of things to avoid for effective dog training is the mistake of giving up. Many a dog owner has a pet that has never reached its full potential due to the owner losing interest in their training. Dogs love to learn, especially when the owner uses dog training techniques that reward well learned behaviour traits.

Many owners, lacking the time or perhaps the patience for proper dog training, will be quite happy to have a pet that merely answers to its name and stops barking when repeatedly shouted at. Please do not let yourself fall into this trap.

Your pet is a highly intelligent animal and is capable of learning so much more. Occasionally, dogs have even been known to develop neuroses due to boredom from not being challenged enough. This results in an unhealthy animal that can be poorly socialized and destructive of furnishings or even its own body. Your dog can and will respond to your dog training efforts if given the time to do so.

A fifth point that we keep reiterating (and well we should) is people’s failure to be consistent with their dog training efforts. If you tell the dog to sit and your pet doesn’t do it, stick with it until they do. Always use the same command words and enforce the same action each and every time. Manually enforce the command if it is necessary to get the desired reaction and reward the animal with some play time or some verbal praise for properly performing the routine.

Consistency is the major key to training your pet. Repetitive lessons taught on a regular basis with consistent rewards are necessary to the effective dog training.

Knowing these five pitfalls ahead of time will save you many frustrations with your dog training and will result in a much a healthier and happier relationship with your pet.

By: Tim Guy

You can easily teach train your dog to lie down and look elegant with its paws crossed by following these simple instructions:

Step 1: Start the exercise with your dog in the down position (of course he should already be trained to do so before attempting the 'cross paws' trick)

Step 2: Now have your dog offer his paw on command. If he does not know how to respond to this command yet, simply reach out and grab one of his paws. Be sure to click once (using a clicker) and offer a small treat each time. It is important that your dog remains in the down position while doing this.

TIP: If he still struggles to understand how to give you his paw, simply use the treat and place it in the palm of your hand a few inches is a way from one of his paws. Soon enough, he will naturally move to touch the treat that is in your hand in hopes that you will release the tasty snack. Be sure to click each time he taps your palm.

Step 3: Continue having your dog offer his paw, but be sure to concentrate only on one paw at a time and do so repetitively with a click and a treat.

Step 4: When your dog has reached the stage where you can rely on him to target your hand with one of his paws, slowly move your hand closer to your dog's other front paw. Now in order to offer you is paw, he must lift it up and move over sideways in order to reach your hand.

What may happen is that he may choose to lift the opposite paw instead of continuing with the trained paw. Each time this happens, all you have to do is pull away your hand and simply ignore this response from your dog.

Step 5: Your almost done. When your dog can target your hand as it has moved to the opposite side, near his other paw, quickly snap your hand back at the last second. His moved paw should now land right over the other paw and in a crossed-paw fashion. Be sure to click and offer a treat.

Step 6: Continue repeating this training regimen and each time his paw crosses over, slowly fade your hand away so it is further from the dog. Eventually, your dog will automatically cross his paws when he sees your hand signal, and at increasingly longer distances away from you.

By: Jerry Mace

A sure sign that your cat has a urinary tract infection is seeing him straining to urinate when in his litter box. This is often accompanied by vocalizing and eventually abandoning the litter box altogether.

What can you do to prevent urinary tract infections in cats? The most important thing you need to do is take your feline friend in to see a veterinarian immediately. This situation can be life threatening if not caught in time and treated effectively. What are some things you can do at home to try to prevent urinary tract infections from happening with your cat?

1. Herbal remedies. Try herbs such as hydrangea, gravel root and corn silk. These are all effective at acidifying the urine and possibly dissolving any existing bladder stones.
2. Ample water supply. Make sure you cat has lots of opportunity to drink water throughout the day. Just like with humans, drinking enough water is critical to flushing the system out and preventing any crystal buildup in the urethra and bladder.
3. Diet. There are foods available from your veterinarian formulated specifically to maintain good bladder health in your cat. A lot of cat foods available in the supermarket are very high in ash and can contribute to blockages.

My wife and I have a cat that came down with a urinary tract infection a couple of years ago that ended up costing us a small fortune. If we had brought him in to the vet in time, it likely would have saved us a lot of money and heartache.

We did a lot of reading about urinary tract infections in cats on the Internet and weren't entirely satisfied with what we found. We spent the next several months compiling all the most relevant information and also interviewing veterinarians in our area and around the world.

The results of our research can now be found at StopCatPeeing.com where we have many articles relating to inappropriate urination in cats. A cat that pees outside the litter box is a frustrating problem and one that could prove fatal to your cat if you don't know what to do. Do your homework and help your cat before it's too late.

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Mike_Whyte

Guppies are a great small live-bearing fish that are easy to care for - even for the novice fish keeper. Guppies are a great first choice of fish because they are small, can be kept in smaller fish tanks, and do not need any special foods to thrive. One thing that many beginners enjoy about guppies is that they are quite simple to breed successfully. All that it takes for preparing for pregnant guppies is to remember these three easy tips.

1 - Feed pregnant guppies well. Each female guppy can have up to 60 tiny babies in her every month. She requires enough energy to properly care for the developing eggs and babies. Since they hold them for up to four weeks before giving birth then start a new cycle almost right away, it is important to feed these fish well. A good quality flake food should be given two or three times per day. Overfeeding will destroy the water quality while underfeeding will lead to unhealthy babies.

2 - Be ready for the babies before they are born. There are two basic artificial ways to help ensure a higher survival rate of guppy fry. One is a breeder trap, and the other is a breeder net. The trap has a small area for the mother with a slot that the fry slip through when born. Babies are kept safe from the adult. The net is just a way to keep a mother away from the community fish tank for the birth of the babies. The pregnant guppies can still eat the babies if not removed fast enough.

3 - Have lots of hiding places. When pregnant guppies are ready to "drop" the babies, they will try to seek cover in the tank. Providing caves and a bunch of plants will make them feel safe and also protect fry that can seek shelter. Good plants include java moss, java ferns, floating plants, and grasses. Driftwood and caves are also helpful in this regard.

Besides writing about guppies, John enjoys many aquatic topics. Most recently, he has started a website about custom fish tanks. Learn about why to buy wall mounted aquariums!

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Johnathan_Thomas

To cultivate swallow since the building was originally a bird waletnya very easy because we do not need to call the birds and swallow Swallow again. In addition, the welcome swallow and would have lodged in place so no need to change the condition of the building again. In order to obtain good bird's nest quality and quantity, management and maintenance required as well as building maintenance and building waletnya. Treatment efforts include the following points:

1. Organize and maintain the building as possible. The condition of the building should be noted that swallow swallow bird density is not too high because it can cause a bird's nest shape each other and do not coincide perfectly.


2. The addition of food in the dry season. In the dry season, availability of natural food in very little. This will affect the swallow bird life. The quality and amount of food obtained swallow every day will affect the production of saliva. In the dry season swallow should be given additional food in the form of flying insects that live in trees or on the ground. Insects include moths, flying ants, plant hopper, fleas. Feeding can be done in the afternoon.


3. Efforts should be made to eradicate and prevent pest attacks that can disrupt the life swallow.


4. How to harvest the bird nests is well done and with the appropriate programs. Harvest the wrong way can lead to decreased quality of bird's nest, and the more fatal again, swallow bird can fly to move to another place.

a. Preparation of swiftlet house

1). Site selection


Building site selection strongly supports the success of swiftlet building operation swallow. In these locations, must be considered environmental factors are suitable for swiftlet bird life. These environmental factors should be based on the nature and the factors that are naturally favored by the bird or birds swallow Swallow, as follows:



• Lowlands with a maximum altitude of 1000 m above sea level. In general, do not want to swallow a house or building occupied an altitude of 1,000 m above sea level.


• Areas far from the reach of influence of technological progress and development of society. In other words the area is relatively pure and natural as the best residential swallow.


• Rice fields, grasslands, open forests, beaches, lakes, rivers, marshes are the most appropriate area to hunt food for the swallow.


• An area that was safe for life and Swallow swallow, which is a remote area of disturbance wild birds eating meat. This wild bird species including eagles, birds alap-alap, eagle.


• A location that many birds around Swallow. This indicates that the area suitable for developing swiftlet nests producing useful.

2). House swallow


In planning your building or home making swallow, to note the things as follows:



• The shape and construction of houses
  

  Generally, swiftlet house like a big building that the width varies from 10 x 15 m2 - 10 x 20 m2. Elevation walls of the house practically equal to swallow Swallow house, which is about 5-6 m. High walls are not included wuwungan. High wuwungan greatly affect the low temperature and humidity conditions swallow building.

  Wuwungannya higher, the better for swiftlet house and is preferred by birds swallow. The greater the distance between the ridge of the ceiling means the cavity between the ridge with the ceiling increased. Given the large distance, the volume of air in the room is also bigger, so hot air does not completely offensive ceiling.
  The house may not be as high as that covered by tall trees around it because it would just swallow the hole into the entrance of the house free of trees. If the house is covered by trees around the house should be built higher.

  
  

  Walls made of plaster, while the outer part of the cement mixture. The inside walls should be made from a mixture of sand, lime, and cement in the ratio 3:2:1. The composition is similar to the composition of the swiftlet caves and very good nature to control the temperature and humidity in the room swallow the building. To reduce the smell of cement can be sprayed with water every day. The wall more frequently doused with water, the faster the smell of cement missing. Roof frame and insulation, insulation to attach swallow's nests should be made of strong wood and old enough to be able to survive in the long run, is not easy to eat and not have to RENGAT quickly replaced. Replacement is too often can disturb the peace swallow.

  
  
• The shape of the room and the entrance swallow



The room can be made based on the story height, minimum of 2 m. Each level of criss-crossed back into the room so that will create an atmosphere like in the caves of natural rock.




Often swallow bird circling in front of the cave, before entering into the nest. Therefore, the building is equipped with a swallow needs rovings room as a place to spin and resting room as a place to rest and nest. To prevent the entry of too much light, resting room sectional is made. Between one patch with another patch interconnected.




Hole to be made out of birds at the top, calculated that the birds can freely in and out without disturbance of trees around the buildings. The size and shape of holes can vary. If a square, ideally measuring 20 x 20 cm2, when mamanjang size 20 x 35 cm2, and if the shape of a circle 20 cm in diameters.




Hole out of the numbers of birds depending on the needs and condition of the building. Clearly, the fewer the number of holes the better. Enough room for a one-hole course. Too many holes that can affect the temperature, humidity, and light in the building that will result in krasannya not swallow live in the building.
Location of the hole should not be facing east, because in the morning when going out swallow, his eyes dazzled in the sun in the morning. Walls should be painted black holes to be easily seen by birds from a distance and will help to quickly swallow know his house. In addition, painting with black color can also reduce the light entering from outside the building so the room becomes darker.



• Paint the house and lighting



Paint used for swiftlet house of lime should be smooth and flat enough to not easily damaged. Inner wall layers do not need painted to match the natural cave conditions and can reduce the light.




To reduce the refraction of light from outside the building, in the hole and out of antidote was given a funnel-shaped beam of black cloth. In this way, the incoming light can be focused in one direction so that the situation in the building will be dark.



• Wall around the building as a safety from interference



To maintain security swallow and production of pest and theft, then around the building needs to dipagar wall swallow. Will be more perfect, if the outside walls are made trenches filled with water is always flowing.

b. Preparation of the parent and the egg

1). Preparation of the parent


To cultivate Gedongan swallow, swallow selected as the parent birds who endeavored to Swallow to nest in the new building. The new building will serve as the building when it began to swallow a bird occupied Swallow. Because the birds will occupy Sriti new building, whereas swallow normally would occupy the building that has a lot of bird droppings Swallow. This is due to the new building still smelled of cement. To speed up the entry process swallow, usually building new walls are often covered with bird droppings Swallow and the wood covered with bird's nest dishwater.


2). Preparation of eggs


In the cultivation swallow, swallow eggs need to be prepared for a bird's nest hatched on Swallow. Eggs can be obtained from building owners who are doing swallow "the egg harvest waste in a way this egg preparation, keep in mind the characteristics of swallow eggs to avoid the mistake of Swallow bird eggs because they almost the same. Generally, egg white swallow bluish, while the egg white Swallow speckled dark brown. In this case, need to choose a normal-sized eggs, not too big or small the average size of egg swallow. In addition, select a good egg, not cracked, rough, not contaminated dirt, water, or oil. Generally, waste contaminated eggs will not hatch. Therefore, the decision of the goal needs to be done with caution.




To check the quality of the eggs, can be done by observation. Binoculars are made from egg cartons and then directed to the light, it will show the inside of the egg. In this observation, which needs attention is the condition and location of air bags, state and location of egg yolk, and the presence or absence of blood spots. Good hatching egg has an air bag is relatively small, stable, and does not shift from its place. Location of egg yolk must be in the middle and not moving, not found in blood spots. Eggs that have blood spots, power tetasnya only 56.3%. After selection and obtained a good hatching eggs, the next step is to incubate the eggs in the nest tesebut Swallow.

c. How to hatch eggs

Between Swallow swallow and had many similarities, both about the food, ecosystems, biological and habitat development. With these equations, it is possible if the eggs hatched in a nest swiftlet Swallow, then nurtured and raised by birds Sriti until such time as the child can swallow their own foraging and grow into an adult swallow.




To hatch the eggs in the nest swiftlet Sriti first thing to do is replace the eggs with egg Swallow swallow. This can be done when the season arrives Swallow bird eggs. Egg retrieval must be done carefully, do not use the hand directly, but with a plastic spoon or tissue paper. This is to avoid damage and contamination of eggs that can cause the bird would not mengeraminya Swallow. Endeavored to transport any way not many shocks and collisions. Egg replacement done in the daytime, when birds Sriti out of the building to search for food. Furthermore, swiftlet eggs will be incubated by the birds Sriti and after hatching would fosterage to swallow can fly and feed themselves.

In addition to the expertise required in swiftlet farming, the natural conditions are also a key factor in the decline advanced swiftlet population in our country. In fact, swallows can live and multiply rapidly in our homeland. However, to find potential areas, required knowledge of the ideal environment to swallow. Here are two environmental factors, namely macro and micro, which affect the propagation swallow.

MACRO ENVIRONMENT

To build a barn swallow should first note the stable environment that will be built swiftlet. Do observations in the afternoon when the birds are returned to their cage. For stable macro environment is crucial swallow increased or decreased swiftlet population. Macro environment for the cultivation of swiftlet nests is influenced by several factors, including the following:

• Food factor



Increased or reduced production and quality of swiftlet nests are determined by factors of food eaten the bird. Most of the food was provided by nature, including the moths, flies species, brown plant hopper, and other flying insects. Swallow food source is in the rice paddies, swamps, plantations, and forest areas. The authenticity of the region will make swallows breed rapidly.

• Occupancy factor



The characteristics of swallow is life like clusters and highly dependent on the group. Thus, the stable development swallow must also consider the centers swallow. This means, in the area there are many barn swallows that have produced a nest swiftlet. Therefore, the chances of success for fishing and expand scattered through larger swallow.

• Water Factor



All living things depend on water, as well as the swallow in desperate need of water. Besides food, water factor was also very influential in the process of population and quality of swallow nests. To swallow, works for drinking water, bathing, and neutralize the room temperature.

• Altitude factor



Another feature of the swiftlet bird is not like the height region more than 1,500 m above sea level. Therefore, the cultivation of swiftlet nests take advantage of the lowlands. Cultivation of swallow's nests will not be successful if undertaken in the highlands, which is more than 1,500 m above sea level. In this area generally can not swallow rapidly proliferate.

• Safety factor



Swiftlet population and the quality is also very dependent on the security factor. Swiftlet makes its nest in the dark room, not in the branches of trees like other birds. This method aims to safeguard the security of their own child and parent.

• Factors season



Indonesia is the country's largest producer of swiftlet nests in the world. In this country these birds breed rapidly. Indonesia has two seasons, namely dry season and rainy season so it helps the propagation swallow. As the rainy season, the birds were looking for partner to marry and generations. While in the dry season, swallows will use it to release the feathers on the old body.

MICRO ENVIRONMENT

Kennels located in swiftlet caves. In nature, these caves had chambers of darkness that is used by the swallows to nest and breed. Conditions in the cave is compliant to swallow life. Here are some micro-environmental factors that support growth and development swallow:

• Humidity



Humidity in each room swiftlet nests ranged from 85-95%. These conditions are created so similar to the natural caves as their natural habitat swallow. In order for optimum moisture, in the barn swallows that have been placed in the pot with cement leveling compound that permeates. This vase filled with water placed at the edge of the room.

• Temperature



Quality of swiftlet nests is strongly influenced by humidity and temperature. To obtain the ideal temperature, in addition to placing a large vase in each room, making artificial rain in the dry season is also an effort to maintain stable temperature in each room. The ideal temperature for the space between the cage swallow 25-29 0C.

• Aroma



The smell in the barn swallow is dominated by the smell of feces and nest swiftlet swiftlet. With the smell of it makes swiftlet home was in the room.

• Light



Swallow live in a dark room. Therefore, for the stable room-divider swallow partitioned to be dark. The size of the light in the room for two candles.

Swallow an insect-eating birds that are aerial and like gliding. This dark-colored birds. Flying faster with body size is. Sickle-shaped wings are narrow and pointed. Swallow very strong wing. Her legs were so small that the birds of this species had never landed on the tree. Beak is very small. Swallow a habit of living in the caves or houses are quite humid, dimly lit until dark. Walet use the ceiling to attach the nest as a place to rest and breed.

Types swallow

There are several types of swallows are known in Indonesia that can produce a nest. However, not all nests produced can be consumed and have benefits. Environmental conditions are suitable, Indonesia has six types of swallows. Some of these types can be distinguished based on body size, voice, hair color, behavior in making a nest, and the materials used in making a nest. Because the swiftlet bird likes to fly in the air, often referred to swallow swallows.

Many people argue, that the bird is a bird Swallow kite. Swallow birds nesting in the home and the nest can be used to incubate the eggs swallow. Initially, these bird species are considered the child of a cow swallow almost the same as passing. Upper body feathers Sriti greenish black, shiny and does not have small hairs on her toes. While the cow swallows, feathers covering her shiny blue-black color and on the toes have little hairs.

All types of swallow has a shape similar body. Rather swallow bird hanging on the rocks with sharp claws and nest in caves or the ceiling. Because of his habit landed on the ceiling, the "catch" for this bird to nest in a house built.

Here are the types of swallows in Indonesia:

• White swallow



White swallow, so called because it produces a white nests. This swiftlet feathers brown with blackish fur bottom or grayish brown. There was a slight gap on the tail. High-pitched voice. Including medium-sized swallow with a body length of about 12 cm. Dark brown eyes, black beak and black legs.




Swallow-wing is more rigid and stronger flying too. If he rarely foraging around in low places. White swallow prefer foraging near tall trees there is lots of small insects. Also frequently seen gliding into the water for bathing and drinking, then flew again.In nature, its nest is located in the crevices of the rock, or limestone caves that are difficult to achieve. Nest is made entirely of saliva, so they're expensive and often find nests pickers. Eggs are white, elongated shape. Usually only a couple of eggs. White swallow nest seasonally, depending on the chosen nesting place.

• Big swallow



This type of black swallow with brown hair dark bottom. His voice was loud and crackled. Is a kind of swallow the big size compared to other swallow species. Body length about 16 cm.




Because the wing and larger body, swallow can fly higher and faster. When flying, he preys on small insects that become food. Prefer big swallow nests in the holes of the stone (a small cave), or in the crevices of rocks near the waterfall. Nest can not be eaten. This bowl-shaped nest, made of a mixture of roots, moss, and the fibers. Compared with other types swallow, swallow's nest of dirty and disorganized including. If the eggs are usually only a grain. Color the egg white, slightly oval shape. In November and December large swiftlet nesting season usually enter.
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• Black nest swiftlet



Swallow coat color is blackish brown with gray-brown tail feathers. This swallow hairy legs evenly. In terms of body size, it includes a medium-sized. Body length about 12 cm. When seen first glance, looks very much like white swallow. Dark brown eyes, black beak and black legs. Unlike other swallow, this kind of squeaky voice. Swallow is also eating small insects that snatched when flying. For the location of the nest, much like the limestone caves. Nest called black nests for the saliva to build a nest mixed with feathers black body. When laying only one. Color the egg white, elongated shape. Wedding season with a white swallow. Like white swallow, black nest swiftlet also easier to be cultivated than other swallow species.

• mountain swiftlet




Black color of this bird, but the color gray tail blackish. Gaps in the tail feathers. Her legs were a little hairy or not hairy at all. His voice was distinctive sound of creaking swallow. Relatively large body size. Body length about 14 cm. These birds fly rapidly clustered near a cliff or a mountaintop. Small insects eat their food when flying. Nests built in crevices of rocks. Usually the nest is built on the former mountain crater. Because made of grass and little or no saliva in nest material, then the mountain swiftlet nests can not be eaten. In the mating season, usually laying two eggs.

• Moss nest swiftlet



This colorful bird feathers blackish brown, but color darker tail. The tail just a little crack. Viewed from afar, looks like a white swallow. High-pitched voice. Medium-sized body. Body length about 12 cm.




Type swallow this little-known people because it is difficult to find. Nest built on parts of the deeper caves and very difficult to achieve. Strong fly far and high. Rarely flew low circles near the surface of the ground. As he flew he live prey small insects. Good nest with a smooth surface and more rounded shape. The moss is used for additional nest so the nest is a nest of moss.

• Swallow cow



This swiftlet feathers bluish black with a shiny color. Feathers dark gray bottom, the little white belly. Is a kind of swallow the smallest size. Body length is only about 10 cm. Dark brown eyes, black beak and black legs. High-pitched voice. Habitat includes all the surface heights, both on an open wooded grasslands or forests.




Swallow if flying in groups, but does not irregular. Swallow does not a strong cow fly away. Normally low-flying spinning only near the surface soil or river for bathing and drinking. When looking for food, often around large trees and lots of high insect, especially small wasps. Irregular-shaped nest, composed of a mixture of moss and grass held together with saliva. In the light of the cave opening, slit the cow swallows the stone can be nested. When the eggs are usually only two eggs. The eggs are white and slightly oval. Swiftlet nest cow does not depend on the season, he can nest throughout the year.

Traits swallow

In its original habitat swiftlet nests found in the caves of the remote. Generally, the cave in the cliffs are steep near the open sea. In the vicinity of the cave is usually surrounded by dense forest. Swallow would have preferred that it had water (rivers or lakes), grasslands, and tall trees and dense. In such areas, many small insects which are swallow food. In Indonesia, there are almost swallow the whole province. Swallow do not like the areas barren. Despite the high flying, swallow does not like areas with an altitude of more than 1,500 m above sea level.
For the location of swiftlet nests are in need of a humid place. Humidity space needed is about 85-95%. Room temperature is suitable for swiftlet between 25-29 0C. Walet wanted a quiet location, safe, and not contaminated by air pollution. Swallow is a bird that lived in groups. Although members of a group can move to other groups, but no swallow a live separate from the others. The number of members of a group of different swiftlet, depending on the size of dwelling. The greater the residence swallow, the greater the members of the group.

In a house or a cave can be inhabited by several groups. Walet group in all activities of life. They include groups for hunting insects along the forest. Leaving the morning and afternoon with back together again. One group will build a swiftlet nests are close to where he lives. Never in a swiftlet house dispute occurred between groups. While living crowded in one place, swiftlet swiftlet not disturb each other.

After a day looking for food, swiftlet home and went to rest in the nest. If you usually swallow flew straight while hunting, then returned home when swallows will fly circles around the house. In the nesting season and lay eggs, swiftlet home faster than a regular day. Swallow is the type of bird cage home properties. Swallow tied to his home and always going back to that place again for a state where appropriate and safe.

Swallow like a dark place. Moreover if the incoming sunlight is very small. This is in accordance with the original habitat in swiftlet caves and dark shade. Unlike other animals, swallow does not have trouble with the darkness around the nest. To overcome this dark situation swallow does not rely on his senses. Swallow using reflected sound system as a measure of distance (ekholokasi). Usually, swallow home after dusk and the circumstances in which they live is very dark moment. To know exactly the position of the nest, they let out a shrill. The sound is reflected back by the wall of the house where they lodged, leading them to find out the location in the room. That is why swallow can enter into a dark cave with no trouble at night. There are also exceptions. Types of large swallow and swallow a cow ekholokasi not use. This situation applies to swallow residing in a well-lit places.

Swiftlet nests are made at night after coming home. Nests were not made in isolation. The two couples swallow, male and female, working together applying saliva to form a nest. In a pair of throat swallow salivary glands that can produce saliva. Works to build a nest continuously every day. The process of forming a nest finished until it takes 40-80 days. When you swallow food of many insects and not laying on the season, the time it takes about 40 days. However, during spawning season, spent his days twice as long as that is up to 80 days.

Outside the spawning season, smaller nest size. Nest less good form and irregular. These nests are made only as a place to rest. In contrast, nests in the spawning season for the larger and better shaped. At this time, the nest is used in addition to rest also to lay eggs and raise children swallow. When the nest was taken on the spawning season, swallows will soon build a new nest again. New nest was made in a faster time than the making of the nest that had been taken. Nest-making should not be successive. Capture successive nests in spawning season would be detrimental. Swiftlet will lose a sense of security. Especially when the people who pick it when swiftlet nests are home and resting or incubating eggs.

In the breeding season, would swallow each other find the way mate romp in the air. This can be done when the swallows hunt insects. Males and females will be chasing each other high flying. The pair quickly formed swallow seeking a suitable place to build nests. After the nest swiftlet mating made jointly formed with the good and big enough. The marriage process can take 5-8 days, after that then the female will soon lay eggs. Swallow normally lay eggs only two. Egg hatch was also carried out together, male and female will take turns incubating the eggs until hatching time.

Child swallows being fed from the food issued from the parent part. These foods can be digested by the baby swallow because previously been crushed by its mother. Within a week, children swallow feathers have started to grow wings. After the wing feathers grow, followed by growth of back hair. Then swallow whole body hair appear. At the age of 45 days after hatching, have strong swallow flying to find food themselves. Like most insectivorous birds, beak triangular swallow.

Swallow food consists of insects become pests common to cultivated plants. Insects swallow foods such as the types of plant hopper, beetles, small grasshoppers, moths, ants, winged, white rice pests, rice straw exploiters, and sundep. Indirectly swallow an enemy of this pest biology that can reduce the cultivation of plants. Thus swallow a boon to agriculture in the surrounding businesses.